The giant whale shark carcass found on Balasore beach in Odisha presents a multifaceted issue relevant for OPSC aspirants, touching upon biodiversity, environmental conservation, marine ecology, and regional socio-economic factors. This incident offers rich material for both prelims and mains exams, especially for topics under Environment, Geography, and Odisha current affairs.
Biodiversity and Species Protection
Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are the largest fish species globally and are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. They are also protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, in India. The presence of such a rare species along Odisha’s coast highlights the region’s rich marine biodiversity. Examination of whale shark strandings or carcasses points to the importance of protecting endangered marine fauna and enforcing wildlife conservation laws.
Marine Ecology and Environmental Concerns
The death of the whale shark due to entanglement in fishing nets illustrates the impact of human activities on marine life. Overfishing, accidental bycatch, and habitat disruption are persistent threats to marine biodiversity. Odisha’s coastline, particularly around Balasore, is ecologically sensitive, with various marine organisms dependent on healthy ecosystems. Understanding the balance between livelihood (fishing communities) and conservation efforts is crucial.
Regional Significance and Local Economy
Balasore is a coastal district with significant fishing activity, supporting local livelihoods. The incident underscores the conflict between economic dependence on fishing and the need for protecting endangered species. It calls for sustainable fishing practices, awareness campaigns, and stricter regulations to minimize bycatch of protected species.
Policy and Governance Implications
The role of forest and wildlife departments in monitoring and responding to such incidents reflects the government’s commitment to wildlife protection. It also brings to focus the need for better infrastructure and mechanisms for rescue, rehabilitation, and scientific study of such marine species. Odisha’s state government’s policies on coastal management can be evaluated in this light.
Prelims Question Example
Which of the following statements about the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) are correct?
1. It is the largest fish species in the world.
2. It is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in India.
3. Whale sharks are classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.
4. They are commonly found only in the Atlantic Ocean.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 4 only
d) All of the above
(Correct answer: a)
Mains Question Example
"Discuss the conservation challenges faced by marine endangered species like the whale shark along the Odisha coast. In your answer, elaborate on the ecological importance of sustaining marine biodiversity, socio-economic factors involving coastal communities, and policy measures that can balance conservation with livelihood needs."
This approach ensures OPSC aspirants develop comprehensive understanding by linking environment, economy, and governance aspects contextually centered on Odisha’s coastal issues and recent environmental events for effective exam preparation.